Author: Aqeel Mahmood Jawad

Abstract: A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as “machine learning” (ML) allows computer systems to learn from experience and advance without explicit programming. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a rapidly expanding scientific method for determining species’ existence in the environment. It includes sequencing DNA from environmental samples. This work investigates how machine learning (ML) could be used in eDNA metabarcoding to enhance biodiversity estimates. Reviewing current work on the use of ML in eDNA metabarcoding, this paper focuses on the various ML algorithms utilized, the varied kinds of data inputs, and the advances in biodiversity assessment that occur. In 23 investigations, machine learning (ML) was used for Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. In terms of increasing the precision and effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for biodiversity assessments, ML has shown encouraging outcomes. In addition to accurately classifying and predicting species from eDNA sequences, ML algorithms may uncover uncommon or invasive species often overlooked by conventional techniques. According to the research we looked at, compared to conventional approaches, there was an average increase of 20% in detection sensitivity and 14% in species richness. Adding ML to eDNA metabarcoding has enormous promise for enhancing ecological monitoring and biodiversity assessments. Nonetheless, it is essential to choose suitable ML algorithms, ensure there are enough training datasets, and assess the accuracy of the predictions made by ML. This research underscores the need for more investigation to fully fulfil ML’s potential for ecological monitoring and conservation while providing a thorough review of its possible uses in eDNA metabarcoding. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2823060/v1

Abstract: This research study presents a cube dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with four different radiation patterns for internet of things (IoT) applications. The various radiation patterns are determined by the grounded capacitor loading to reduce interference. The DRA is constructed of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 30 and is fed via a coaxial probe located in the antenna’s center. Capacitors are used to load the four parasitic microstrip feed lines. Each pattern of radiation is adjustable by adjusting the capacitors loading on the feed line. The proposed antenna works at 3.5 GHz with -10 narrow impedance bandwidth of 74 MHz. DOI: Pattern reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna using capacitor loading for internet of things applications

Abstract : Since the global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has devastated civil aviation, particularly in Europe, the continent’s ability to act as one is of the utmost importance. This article examines how the pandemic has slowed the expansion of worldwide civilian aviation and how aviation can recover, such as by addressing employee concerns and checking the legitimacy of civil aviation workers’ credentials, licenses, and other formal permits to work. Since the flight industry is crucial for the quick and remaining delivery of any kind of support in urgent need (transport of medicines, essential cargo, medical workers, etc.) prior to the removal of the population, the worldwide civilian aviation community has had to strike a delicate balance between the gravity of the global crisis and the need of maintaining a safe brought together approach, which is essential for the harmonization of relief efforts. Following the temporary prohibition on global (and regional) consumer airline flights in 2020 by numerous countries, including Ukraine, the global community was tasked with proposing solutions to restore civil aviation. Key requirements of the Convention on International Civil Aviation for addressing the current sanitary and epidemiological crisis are defined. With this international treaty and the ICAO’s rules and recommendations, the air transport system may be effectively regulated and restored throughout the COVID-19 era. The content and effectiveness of standards, recommendations, proposals, and other techniques for preventing and combating the widespread transmission of infectious diseases that impact the operation of civil aviation were examined in the fight against the coronavirus epidemic. Combating the detrimental effect of the pandemic on civil aviation requires careful consideration of the pros and drawbacks of various interventions and an evaluation of the associated risks. To ensure the safety of passengers and crew, the efficiency and uniformity of air travel, the protection of the environment, and the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation, this article examines the impact of standards and recommendations, particularly those adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).When demand for air passenger transport will return to pre-pandemic levels on most routes may be determined based on projections made by these groups. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i17.2406

Abstract: Information and communication technologies have had an upward trend over the past decades. Online shopping provides flexibility in the place and time of shopping activities. The current study applies the concepts and guidelines of the systematic review and meta-analysis to the most recent evidence on the intensity of online shopping, intending to resolve the controversies arising from past research in this area. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses and Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (PRISMA and MOOSE, respectively) were used to conduct this review. To evaluate the association between online shopping intensity and various influencing factors, we systematically searched the electronic database, including Scopus, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Sciences (WOS), “online buying,” “online purchasing,” “online shopping” until Jan 2023. There is no constraint on period or language, and more publications were found by manually searching the citations list of chosen articles. Overall, 5708 studies were collected. After removing duplicated studies (274), 5434 studies have remained. During screening titles and abstracts, 250 studies were considered potentially eligible. Subsequently, 152 studies were excluded in full-text screening, including 98 in the evidence synthesis. The results related to the combined effect size of the variables showed that the satisfaction variable, followed by perceived value and shopping experience, have the most significant effect on online shopping intention. Also, the results showed that the effect sizes of other variables with low, medium, and high impact intensity were substantial and acceptable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4414622

Abstract: The reliability of marine communications is crucial to ensuring the safety and success of maritime activities. As the marine industry becomes more dependent on digital technology and the internet, it must contend with formidable cybersecurity threats. This article surveys the recent intellectual contributions to the burgeoning topic of maritime communication cybersecurity. This article’s major focus is the use of AI and cryptographic techniques to enhance data security. AI will improve marine communication security using algorithms and machine learning, while cryptographic methods guarantee data privacy and authenticity. This article also highlights the need for risk assessment procedures and certification programs for cybersecurity professionals. Providing established techniques for risk management and improving overall cybersecurity posture, these components are especially important within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem widespread in the marine industry. In order to improve cybersecurity education at the collegiate level, this paper presents a new conceptual framework. It highlights the need to prepare the next generation of maritime workers to recognize and respond to cybersecurity risks by providing them with the education they need to protect themselves from cybercrime. New strategies forwarding against cyberattacks at sea are being investigated, including complexity-thinking techniques and open-source intelligence (OSINT). The debate finishes by stressing the need for standardized cybersecurity measures and incorporating lessons from organizational science research in creating a safer marine communication network. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33082/td.2023.3-18.05

Abstract: The paper deals with the issues of metamerism in multimedia and telecommunication paths. Attention is focused on the end devices of the end-to-end path. A comparison is made in the assessments using traditional coordinate systems for representing colors, and in the coordinates of modern color models CAM16, CAM20u, ZCAM. Numerical differences in the obtained data are shown under the same input conditions. Statistical data of metamer estimates using Mac Adam ellipses are presented. A study was conducted in the work, showing that the spectral compositions of colors can be perceived as one color (based on McAdam’s data), but when processed, their number can be different. Based on research, we can say that the differences can reach to 15%. When processing ZCAM models, the number of colors taken into account during transmission will be greater, which makes it possible to reduce the degree of influence of metamerism on color reproduction. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PICST57299.2022.10238685

Abstract: UAVs or drones as an alternative solution to providing high-quality Internet service in difficult terrain are environmentally friendly and do not consume electricity during the day as is the case with communication towers. But the developers of the network face difficulties in the drone communication system associated with the need to take into consideration unpredictable weather conditions and terrain, as well as the short life of the drone’s batteries. Therefore, the object of this study is the process of managing UAV traffic through the use of gNB-IoT in 5G. The possibility of using a mobile UAV repeater during traffic management using radio resources (RR), radio access network (RAN), the infrastructure with broadcasting tools and dynamic connection using MU-MIMO modulation is shown. The use of these tools makes it possible to connect the drone to the wired base network from the provider and then restore the radio frequency signal and broadcast to another coverage area where this subscriber does not have network coverage, use the channel quality indicator (CQI) representation as a QoE function. Undoubtedly, traffic management is the process of obtaining information about traffic control from one endpoint to another, which confirms the reliability and management of data transmission. Meanwhile, drone traffic management can be used to reduce time delays and remove network interference by relying on Internet of Things programs that use NB-5G technology. The UAV’s traffic management improvement process uses a proposed algorithm to generate dynamic flow data management to enhance traffic processing of flow control in the IoT. DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2022.260084

Abstract: The wireless communication systems witness a huge developments in the mobile generations (1G to 5G and recently 6G). These generations is available to satisfy the users need. The basic goal of this paper is to simulate a 5G system in the physical layer for IoT applications. A proposed model in this paper is a sensing system for various signals schemes at different noisy channels. The model depends on new radio (NR) to work at high frequencies in wireless communication applications and IoT applications. The design of the system was based on using a variety types of modulation most commonly used in communication systems: OFDM, 8PSK and MQAM. MATLAB simulation tools is used to implement the proposed system, where signals of various lengths and different types of noise were taken. The noise types such as AWGN, phase noise, frequency offset and Dc offset are applied to check the efficiency of the aimed system. The proposed 5G system have been implemented in software by MATLAB simulation tools to evaluate the results through constellation diagram, frequency spectrum and time scope shows a good response. Obtained results from this work shows a good results in terms the frequency spectrum and. constellation diagram. 5G is the attractive newest technology that must to be studied in details, especially for communication engineers. DOI: Simulation of a New Algorithm to Enhance the Spectral Efficiency of 5G for IoT Applications