Author: Madiha Fouad Jameel
Efficacy of Diode Laser 940 nm in Dentine Hypersensitivity Reduction: A Clinical Trial
Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is a discomfort arising from unprotected dentin as a response to heat, cold, touch, or pressure stimuli. Various treatment modalities, including laser light, have been used to manage such a problem. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser 940 nm, with different powers in managing dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January–5 April 2023 on a cohort of patients presented to the dental department clinics of our college with dentine hyper-sensitivity. A 10-second continuous mode diode laser light 940 nm at two different powers was used to evaluate its desensitizing effect for managing dentin hypersensitivity for six patients with a total number of teeth treated, 38 teeth. A jet of air/water was applied for a specific period and a certain distance from the tooth surface. Scores were documented for evaluating responses using the VAS scale. Results: A statistically significant decrease in dentine hypersensitivity was found immediately after one treatment session and after a 14-day follow-up period. Conclusions: It was established that using a diode laser (940 nm) successfully resolved instant and longstanding dentin hypersensitivity pain. Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, Diode laser, Dentinal tubules DIO Link: https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2023.midc.6
Synthesis of TiO2/rGO composite coatings on titanium alloys with enhanced anticorrosion performance in palmitic acid-incorporated physiological solutions.
ABSTRACT: During plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process, molten oxide is rapidly solidified through arc discharges in order to create in-situ ceramic TiO2 coatings on titanium alloy substrates. PEO coatings made on biomedical titanium alloys may have limited protection efficiency in organic acid-containing biological solutions due to their inherent porosity. In order to elevate the anticorrosion performance of these coatings, a second layer can be applied to the top surface of the PEO coatings to seal the cracks and pores by other surface engineering methods. In current work, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets were electrophoretically deposited on the Ti–6Al–4V substrate involving an intermediate TiO2 oxide layer applied PEO process. Electrochemical measurements in palmitic acid-containing biological media showed that the duplex TiO2/rGO coating has higher compactness and better corrosion performance than simple TiO2 coating. Indeed, the synthesis of the TiO2/rGO coating on the Ti alloy results in a decrease in the corrosion current density (2.19 μA‧cm 2) in comparison with the simple TiO2 coating (9.85 μA‧cm 2) in an acidic media. Keywords: Titanium implants, Plasma electrolytic oxidation, Electrophoretic deposition, Corrosion, behavior, rGO nanosheets, Palmitic acid. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.029.
Unveiling the Effect of Particle Incorporation in PEO Coatings on the Corrosion and Wear Performance of Magnesium Implants
Abstract: Magnesium has been a focal point of significant exploration in the biomedical engineering domain for many years due to its exceptional attributes, encompassing impressive specific strength, low density, excellent damping abilities, biodegradability, and the sought-after quality of biocompatibility. The primary drawback associated with magnesium-based implants is their susceptibility to corrosion and wear in physiological environments, which represents a significant limitation. Research findings have established that plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) induces substantial modifications in the surface characteristics and corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloy counterparts. By subjecting the surface to high voltages, a porous ceramic coating is formed, resulting in not only altered surface properties and corrosion resistance, but also enhanced wear resistance. However, a drawback of the PEO process is that excessive pore formation and porosity within the shell could potentially undermine the coating’s corrosion and wear resistances. Altering the electrolyte conditions by introducing micro- and nano-particles can serve as a valuable approach to decrease coating porosity and enhance their ultimate characteristics. This paper evaluates the particle adhesion, composition, corrosion, and wear performances of particle-incorporated coatings applied to magnesium alloys through the PEO method. Keywords: magnesium implants; plasma electrolytic oxidation; particles incorporation; composite coatings; corrosion behavior; wear resistance https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11120519
Study on the role of nano antibacterial materials in orthodontics (a review)
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are insoluble particles with a diameter of fewer than 100 nanometers. Two main methods have been utilized in orthodontic therapy to avoid microbial adherence or enamel demineralization. Certain NPs are included in orthodontic adhesives or acrylic resins (fluorohydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, SiO2, TiO2, silver, nanofillers), and NPs (i.e., a thin layer of nitrogen-doped TiO2 on the bracket surfaces) are coated on the surfaces of orthodontic equipment. Although using NPs in orthodontics may open up modern facilities, prior research looked at antibacterial or physical characteristics for a limited period of time, ranging from one day to several weeks, and the limits of in vitro studies must be understood. The long-term effectiveness of nanotechnology‑based orthodontic materials has not yet been conclusively confirmed and needs further study, as well as potential safety concerns (toxic effects) associated with NP size. Keywords: anti-caries activity, antimicrobial, health risk, orthodontics, nanoparticles. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.257070
IoT-based Pain Monitoring and Management System
Abstract: Patient suffering from pain is in need for an immediate medical intervention, however in some cases self-pain assessment is not available due to unconsciousness or prone to errors due to observer’s biases. Therefore, automated pain assessment and management is needed. The internet of things (IoT) revolution along with biosensor technology could be convenient for pain assessment and management application. Therefore, this paper is a mini-survey of the literatures in this field published in six years (2016–2021) was conducted in three online databases. Hundreds of papers were found, however after title, abstracta and contents screening only 13 papers were included. This paper is aimed to review the papers that suggest a pain assessment model in a IoT philosophy, in order to summarize the present work and propose new suggestions for future work. Research with different pain levels, in a bigger and real patient population with different diseases were suggested in the conclusion for future work. Keywords: Internet of Things, pain monitoring, pain management, biosensor.
Changes in oral health attitude and behavior of undergraduate Iraqi dental students
ABSTRACT— The present study was aimed to evaluate the changes in the oral and dental health attitudes and behaviors of the dental students in the city of Baghdad/ Iraq during their dental study courses. A self-assessment 16-item survey questionnaire was distributed among 659 students at different dental study stages. The samples were taken from the Dental Faculty, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad. Totally 396 pre-clinical (1st, 2nd and 3rd stages of dental collage) and 263 clinical students (4th and 5th stages of dental collage) with a mean age of 18-24 participant in this study. The questionnaire formula involved 3 demographic questions and 13 questions on the dental attitudes and behaviors of the students. The statistical analysis in this study was based on Chi-square and logistic regression models. The average score of the 4th and 5th stage students was higher than that of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage students remarkably. Statistically remarkable differences were present between the (1st, 2nd and 3rd stages) and the (4th and 5th stages) dental students for using dental floss and mouthwash regularly, presence of untreated carious teeth, smoking habit, deciding the treatment they need, gum bleeding on brushing, seeking dental visits and dental health rating. The results of this study showed the relatively improved oral and dental health attitudes of Iraqi dental students throughout their study years. This study confirmed that the overall oral health attitudes and behavior of Iraqi dental students was good and improved with rising level of education. However, there were deficits in few areas which require extra concerning and more properly established oral and dental health educational programs to rise the students’ behavior towards oral health. KEYWORDS: dental students, oral health, dental health, preventive dentistry. DOI: BNIHS-05-04-2022-10240
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Iraqi Dentists
ABSTRACT: Since it was first detected in Iraq in February 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic has spread significantly among healthcare professionals. Due to the nature of dental practices, oral health care professionals are more susceptible to infection. The COVID-19 vaccine was first administered to medically vulnerable people and healthcare personnel by the Iraqi ministry of health in March 2021. The current study sought to assess the grounds for accepting or rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine among Iraqi dentists. An anonymous google form questionnaire was distributed to dentists via e-mail and social media in October 2021. A total of 732 practicing dentists participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections (4 demographic questions, two behavioral questions about vaccination, and 11 questions regarding COVID-19). In general, 84.4% of respondents accept the COVID-19 vaccine and only 3.3% are against it. About 86.1% of respondents already took the COVID-19 vaccine. The participants’ full justification for receiving the vaccination was safeguarding their family and friends (73%), whereas the top justification for refusing was lack of knowledge (37.4%). More efforts should be made to increase the awareness of Iraqi dentists toward the COVID-19 vaccine. K E Y W O R D S: Vaccine, COVID-19, Oral health, Pandemic. DOI: 10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.2.22