The study examines the impact of hybrid nanoparticle-based materials on the flow performance in a tube with a consistent surface temperature of 373 K. The simulation of the flow was conducted using Ansys 2024 and two-dimensional governing equations for partial differentials. This simulation utilized three distinct concentrations of hybrid nanomaterials Al2O3–Cu to observe their effects. Al2O3–Cu nanoparticles are dispersed in water at volume ratios of 1%, 5%, and 100%. The fluid velocity varied between 0.1 and 1.5 m/s, while the input temperature was 25 °C (~298 K). The current study examines three cases of dimples: 15, 30, and 45 concave/convex dimples. Increasing the concentration of Al2O3-Cu nanoparticles in water is shown to improve certain physical properties while decreasing others. Moreover, when the concentration of nanoparticles grows, the Nusselt number (Nu) also rises. The thermal performance factor is enhanced with an increase in the number of dimples. The study shows that the heat transfer coefficient increases with hybrid nanoparticle concentration, achieving enhancements of 2.14%, 10.8%, and 21.82% for 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations at 1 m/s. The highest increase of 22.22% compared to pure water occurs at 1.5 m/s with a 10% concentration. Compared to a smooth pipe, improvements are 15.67%, 30.01%, and 37.72% for three cases, with case 2 (30 concave/convex dimples) exhibiting the best thermal performance factor. © 2025, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.
https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85218076838?origin=resultslist
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