Author: Nadia Bassim Al-Ansari
Oral flora and functional dysbiosis of cleft lip and palate patients: A scoping review
Abstract Aims: This scoping review aimed to conduct an assessment of the current literature on specific ecological changes in the oral microbiota of individuals living with cleft lip and/or palate. Methods: All studies that assess oral microbiota and ecological changes distinct of individuals living with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were used, using planned search keywords. Included articleswere grouped into cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, and retrospective reviews. Results: A total of 164 eligible title articles were recognized. Of these, 32 fulltext studies were included in the present review. All the included articles were published between 1992 and 2022. These studies were two retrospective studies, two review studies, and the remaining (n = 28) were observational studies. Conclusion: The oral flora of cleft lip and/or palate patients has been shown in scientific studies to have an increased frequency of potentially pathogenic fungal and bacterial colonization, particularly Candida species, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacili and Streptococci mutans. Thismay influence oral diseases and post-operative repair complications, potentially necessitating further surgical intervention. KEYWORDS cleft lip and palate, oral candidiasis, oral microbiology DOI: 10.1111/scd.12872
Diagnosis and localization of the maxillary impacted canines by using dental multi-slice computed tomography 3D view and reconstructed panoramic 2D view
Background: Diagnosis and treatment planning can be difficult with conventional radiographic methods as the orthodontic-surgical management of impacted canines requires accurate diagnosis and precise localization of the impacted canine and the surrounding structures. This study was aimed to localize and evaluate weather there is any differences in the diagnostic information provided by multi-slice computed tomography three dimensional volumetric CT images and two dimensional reconstructed panorama images (derived from CT) in subjects with impacted maxillary canines. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients including 24 female and 6 male with mean age of 18 years with suspected unilaterally or bilaterally impacted maxillary canines were evaluated on images taken with Brilliance™ 64, Philips multi-detector computed tomography. The spatial relationships of the impacted maxillary canines relative to the adjacent structures was evaluated using linear and angular measurements, and the adjacent lateral incisor root resorption was assessed with three dimensional and two dimensional visualization software. Results: The inclination of the impacted maxillary canine measured to the midline and to the occlusal plane did not differ significantly when it was evaluated using the two imaging modalities. However, there were significant differences between the 3D and 2D images with respect to the impacted maxillary canine vertical height, bucco-palatal localization, and in detecting the proximity and root resorption of the adjacent lateral incisors. Conclusion: Dental CT volumetric images provide more reliable and accurate information for diagnosing the maxillary impacted canine position, inclination, distance from adjacent structures, and detection of lateral incisors root resorption.
Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine‑encapsulated halloysite nanotubes incorporated in presurgical orthopedic appliances: an in vitro, controlled study
Abstract Aims and objective Presurgical infant’s orthopedic appliances (PSIOs) play an increasingly crucial role in the interdisciplinary management of neonatal CLP, aiming to improve and maintain adequate nasolabial aesthetics, followed by primary lip/nasal surgery in both unilateral and bilateral CLP cases. The use of PSIOs in cleft lip and palate patients can lead to contamination with oral microflora, acting as a potential reservoir for infectious microorganisms. Acrylic surfaces might provide retention niches for microorganisms to adhere, and inhabit, which is difficult to control in immunocompromised patients, thus predisposing them to increased infection risks. The objective of this multi-assay in vitro study was to investigate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine-loaded halloysite nanotubes (CHX-HNTs) fillers on the morphological, cytotoxic, release, and antimicrobial characteristics of self-cured acrylic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material used in pre-surgical orthopedic appliances. Methods Disk-shaped PMMA specimens were prepared with varying proportions of CHX-HNTs. A control group without any addition served as a reference, and four experimental samples contained a range of different concentrations of CHXHNTs (1.0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 wt%). The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using an agar diffusion test against common reference microorganisms: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Cytotoxicity was examined using the L929 cell line (mouse fibroblasts) through a (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT) cell viability assay. The release kinetics of CHX were monitored using UV-spectral measurements. The statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results The integration of CHX-HNTs in PMMA exhibited a substantial dose-dependent antifungal and antibacterial effect against microorganisms at tested mass fractions (1.0 to 4.5 wt%). CHX release was sustained for up to 60 days, supporting prolonged antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, no significant cytotoxicity was determined in the L929 fibroblast cell line (control), indicating the biocompatibility of the CHX-HNTs-enhanced PMMA. Conclusion Incorporating CHX-HNTs in PMMA successfully enhanced its antimicrobial properties, providing sustained CHX release and superior antimicrobial efficacy. These findings demonstrate the potential of antimicrobial nanoparticles in dental therapies to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, rigorous further clinical trials and observational studies are warranted to validate the practical application, safety, and efficacy. Clinical relevance This study has the potential to make a major impact on the health of infants born with cleft lip and palate by helping to reduce the prevalence of infectious illnesses. The incorporation of CHX-HNTs into PMMA-based appliances is a novel promising preventive approach to reduce microbial infections. Keywords Polymethyl methacrylate resin, halloysite nanotubes · Chlorhexidine gluconate · Antimicrobial activity · https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05464-7
A new method for prediction of dental arch perimeter
Purpose Dental arch length, width, and perimeter are considered to be important for the diagnosis and treatment of orthodontic cases. This study aimed to utilize dental arch width and length to create an equation for predicting dental arch perimeter. Materials and methods Sixty-seven pairs of study models for patients with normal occlusion who received dental treatment were included in this study. Dental arch width at the level of the canines, first premolars, and first molars, in addition to dental arch length and perimeter, were measured using a digital vernier with 0.01mm accuracy. Data were subjected to step-wise regression analysis to determine the major predictors of arch perimeters and develop regression equations for both arches. The predicted arch perimeters were compared with the actual measured values using paired sample t-test. Results For both arches, the perimeter showed a direct, moderate to strong, highly significant correlation with the length and width measurements. Findings from step-wise regression analysis indicated that there was a strong correlation between arch perimeter and the inter-canine width and arch length, which explained 67.7% of the variation in arch perimeter in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, inter-molar width, inter-canine width, and arch length explained 55.1% of the variation in the dental arch perimeter. The arch perimeter values predicted from the developed equations were not significantly different from the actual values that were measured. Conclusion New regression equations based on dental arch width and length at the level of the premolars, molars, and canines were developed to predict dental arch perimeters for both the mandibular and maxillary arches. Keywords: dental arch perimeter, arch length, arch widths, regression doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S234851
Do dental arches lengths, widths and perimeters affect Bolton’s ratios?
Background: The main objectives in treating any orthodontic case are establishing stable occlusion with normal overjet and overbite class I canines relationship and good teeth interdigitation with appropriate proportion of maxillary and mandibular teeth widths. Bolton in 1958 introduced his analysis depending on the study models of fifty five cases with excellent occlusion, of which 44 cases where treated orthodontically (non-extraction) and 11 cases were untreated. He developed two ratios one related the whole teeth anterior to the second molars and the other from canine to canine. The aim of this study was to test whether Bolton’s tooth size ratios were affected by the maxillary and mandibular dental arch widths, lengths and perimeter. Materials and Method: This investigation was performed on a sample of dental casts belong to sixty Iraqi individuals. Anterior and overall tooth size ratios, dental arches widths, lengths and perimeters of maxillary and mandibular arches were measured using digital caliper. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to test the relation between the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios with the dental arches parameters. Results: The mean values of anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios were near to that reported by original study of Bolton. Statistically, there was no relationship between dental arch parameters and Bolton’s ratios. Conclusions: Dental arch widths, lengths, perimeter had no effect on Bolton’s ratios. Key words: Bolton’s ratio, arch widths, arch lengths, arch perimeters, tooth size. DOI: 10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01174.4
Association Between Maxillary Impacted Canine Position and Root Resorption of the Adjacent Incisors: A CT Study
Abstract Background: Resorption of permanent maxillary incisors is a common complication of ectopically positioned maxillary canines and when they occur they may drastically increasing both the cost and complexity of the orthodontic treatment, thus early diagnosis and corrective measures are imperative. This study aimed to investigate the association between the maxillary impacted canines labio-palatal and mesio-distal positions and the associated root resorption of adjacent maxillary incisors. Materials and Methods: The sample included 46 patients with an age ranged between 12 and 30 years referred to the CT scan image to detect unilaterally or bilaterally impacted maxillary canines. The mesio-distal position of the canine cusp tip, the labio-palatal position of the impacted canines, contact and root resorption of permanent incisors were evaluated with CT scan image. The association between the impacted canines position and root resorption of permanent incisors were analyzed using Chi square test. Results: Labially and mid-alveolus impacted canines were more common in sectors I and IV, while palatally impacted canines were most frequent in Sector IV. Lateral incisors were more often affected than central incisors by root resorption. Root resorption of permanent incisors showed a high significant association with sector location [p ≤ 0.001] and was observed in sectors III and IV. Conclusions: When canine impactions are suspected in sectors III or IV, CT scan must be considered to disclose suspected incisor resorption. Keywords: Impacted canines, computerized tomography, root resorption
The multi-detector computed tomographical analysis of bone density in impacted maxillary canines
Background: Maxillary canines are important aesthetically and functionally, but impacted canines are more difficult and time consuming to treat, the aim of this study is to investigate with multi-detector computed tomography the correlation between the bone density and the upper canine impaction. Material and method: A sample of Unilaterally impacted maxillary canines from 24 patients (19 female, 5 male) who were referred to accurately localize the impacted canines at al-Karkh general hospital were evaluated by a volumetric 3-d images by the multi-detector computed tomography to accurately measure the bone density of the maxillary cortical palate of the maxillary impacted canine side and compare it with the other side of the normally erupted canine. Results: The statistical descriptive analysis showed that the ratio of the maxillary canine impaction was higher in females than in males, also the it revealed that the mean bone density of the cortical bone was greater in the maxillary impacted canine side (affected side) than in the control side (the side of the normally erupted canine), the Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed a significant difference in the mean bone density between the affected side and the control side. Conclusions: The increased bone density of the maxillary cortical plate could be an obstructive factor that cause maxillary canine impaction.
Occlusal Features of Deciduous Dentition in an Iraqi Sample
To determine the occlusal characteristics of deciduous dentition in a sample of Iraqi preschool children from Baghdad city. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 313 children aged 3–5 years, enrolled in public and private kindergartens in Baghdad city. Parents and school prime approval was attained for children’s participation. The clinical examination was performed under natural daylight by well-trained previously calibrated orthodontist to record the characteristics of the primary dentition. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test and the findings showed high prevalence of normal occlusion with no statistical gender and age difference
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