Author: watheq mohammed
Psychological health status and salivary IgA among pharmacy students in Iraq: validation of PSS-4 and WHO-5 well-being (Arabic version)
Abstract Background: The psychological health status of pharmacy students will affect the whole academic and healthcare process. Objective: The aims of this study were to validate perceived stress scale-4 (PSS-4, Arabic version) and World Health Organisation-5-well-being (WHO-5, Arabic version) scales and to assess salivary IgA among Iraqi pharmacy students in different stressful periods. Method: A cohort pilot study with a convenient sample was carried out. The ‘forward–backward–forward’ translation method was used to translate the questionnaires from English to Arabic for further validation. Salivary IgA samples were taken on two different occasions. Results: The results showed good validity and reliability for both PSS-4 and WHO-5. Less than half of the pharmacy students had a high level of stress and a low level of well-being at the second exam occasion. In addition, the results showed a significant higher value of salivary IgA measurements. Conclusion: The psychological health status of pharmacy students needs to be improved and new strategies should be implemented to overcome this condition. Keywords: Pharmacy, PSS-4, Stress, Students, Well-being, WHO-5 DOI link: Psychological health status and salivary IgA among pharmacy students in Iraq: validation of PSS-4 and WHO-5 well-being (Arabic version)
DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES IN VISCERA OF CARP FISH
Abstract Fish are one of the major sources of food for humans worldwide. This study involved isolation of genus Salmonella from fish bowels. Salmonella considered the main pathogen that could affect fish. To determine the proportion of genus Salmonella in carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) internal organs. The analysis was performed on fresh fish purchased from vendors in Baghdad city (Iraq) and the source of the docks owned between the period May to June 2015, in which, 50 bowel samples were tested. Results revealed that Salmonella was isolated at 40% through culturing on Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS agar), gram stain and a set of biochemical tests. To sum up, Salmonella is a serious food poisoning pathogen than can threaten public consumers in Iraq. Key words : Salmonella, fish viscera, meat pathogen, fresh fish DOI Link: DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES IN VISCERA OF CARP FISH
Investigating the Efficiency of Simple Aqueous Extract of Nigella Sativa Activity Against Serratia Marcescens Bactria
ABSTRACT Nigella sativa seeds is considered as a very effective treatment for a variety of human diseases in traditional medicine worldwide with low human toxicity. Serratia marcescens pathogenic species, a Gram-negative, opportunistic bacteria, are widespread and distributed in the human environment with considered resistance to different types of antibiotics. Extraction was performed on 12.5 gm. /150 ml of Nigella seeds using rotary evaporator. Different time periods for extraction were applied (1-4 hours) with different temperature ranges of 50 °C to 60 °C performed separately for each time period. The 3 and 4 hours extraction period at 60 °C for seeds was effective against Serratia marcescens with inhibition zone of 11.18 and 12.27 mm respectively. Nigella seeds could be a promising inhibitor with enhanced activity against Serratia marcescens. Water extraction was efficient and effective at 60 °C, with extraction period of 2-3 hours for seeds. No activity recorded below this temperature. KEYWORDS: Nigella Sativa; Serratia marcescens; water Nigella Extract activity; Treatment of Serratia marcescens with nigella sativa DOI Link: Investigating the Efficiency of Simple Aqueous Extract of Nigella Sativa Activity Against Serratia Marcescens Bactria
EFFECT OF SILIBININ ON THE SENSITIVITY OF ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE RESISTANT ISOLATE TO GENTAMICIN: IN VITRO STUDY
Abstract – The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of silibinin on the gentamicin activity against the resistant strain of Enterobacter cloacae. A gentamicin resistant isolate of Enterobacter cloaca was obtained from Al-Sheikh Zayed hospital, Baghdad and cultivated in Mueller Hinton agar; the impact of different concentrations of gentamicin, silibinin or their combination were determined using the conventional drug sensitivity assay to determine the growth inhibitory parameters of each. The study revealed strong resistance for the pathogen against gentamicin and very poor sensitivity for silibinin at the highest concentration used. The isobologram technique was followed to determine the interaction of both drugs against the pathogen. Silibinin antagonizes the gentamicin effect when combined at 7:3, 5:5 and 3:7 ratios. In conclusion, silibinin can augment resistance of Enterobacter cloacae to gentamicin when coadministered as a combination. Further studies are recommended to determine the precise mechanism through which gentamicin resistance was conferred and the way through which silibinin antagonized gentamicin. Key words : Enterobacter cloacae, Silibinin, Gentamicin, Bacterial resistance DOI link: EFFECT OF SILIBININ ON THE SENSITIVITY OF ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE RESISTANT ISOLATE TO GENTAMICIN: IN VITRO STUDYhttp://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/article_abstract.php?aid=10566&iid=304&jid=1